Obligation & Compliance — Unit 11, Upper-intermediate English

Collocations for requirements, duties, and regulatory language in policies and contracts.

Upper-intermediate CEFR B2 2 reading passages

Reading: Data Protection Policy — Excerpt

**Policy excerpt · Data Protection · effective 1 March**

Colleagues,

This policy sets out duties for everyone who handles personal data. All personnel **are required to** complete annual privacy training and a refresher each February. **Mandatory training** must be finished before system access is restored after any role change. Training is **mandatory** for contractors with system access.

Teams must **comply with** retention limits and **adhere to** the classification standard in Annex B. Processing of personal data is **subject to** documented legal basis on every intake form. **Pursuant to** Article 17, erasure requests must be logged within thirty days and acknowledged in writing.

**Failure to** maintain accurate records may leave the organisation **liable to** regulatory fines. We have an **obligation to** protect customer data **in compliance with** the **regulatory framework**. Sharing credentials or bypassing approval workflows is **strictly prohibited**; such conduct may constitute a **breach of contract** for vendors **bound by** our data-processing agreement.

It is **imperative that** encryption **is** enabled on all portable devices before they leave the office. These controls are **binding** and **non-negotiable** in production environments. Breach notification is a **statutory requirement**; line managers **are obligated under** Section 9 to report incidents within four hours.

Before third-party tools are adopted, procurement must complete **due diligence** and confirm vendors **meet the criteria** in the security checklist. Teams that delete audit logs may **fall foul of** policy and lose access until remedial training is completed. Legal will **grant approval** for new integrations only when remediation is verified.

**Annex D — Where this policy does not apply, and where judgement is expected**

A policy that claims to cover every case is a policy nobody reads to the end. The following exclusions and discretions are stated deliberately.

**Emergency access.** In a live incident affecting customer data, an on-call engineer **may** exercise elevated access without prior approval. The approval requirement is suspended; the logging requirement is not. Such access **must be** recorded within one hour and reviewed by the Data Protection Officer within two working days. Any engineer who delays containment to obtain a signature will not be criticised for the delay, but this policy does not require it of them.

**Anonymised data.** Retention limits in Annex B **do not apply** to data from which identification is not reasonably possible. Teams **must not** assume a dataset is anonymised because direct identifiers have been removed; combinations of quasi-identifiers frequently permit re-identification, and the classification standard **is binding** on that question rather than the team's own assessment.

**Legal hold.** Where Legal issues a hold notice, the hold **overrides** every deletion obligation in this policy, including erasure requests. This apparent conflict is resolved in favour of the hold, and staff receiving an erasure request for data under hold **must** escalate rather than decide.

**Proportionality.** Not every control applies at every scale. A team processing fourteen records for an internal pilot is **not required to** complete the full impact assessment, provided the data does not include special categories and provided the exemption is recorded. **Failure to** record the exemption removes it.

**Reporting a mistake.** No disciplinary action will follow the good-faith self-report of a data-handling error made within twenty-four hours. This provision is **unconditional** and is not subject to the manager's discretion. Errors that are concealed are treated entirely differently, and that distinction is the point of the provision.

Vocabulary from this unit

A — Duty frames
PhraseExample
be required toStaff are required to complete training.
mandatory / non-negotiableBackups are mandatory.
obligation toWe have an obligation to notify users.
it is imperative thatIt is imperative that logs are kept.
B — Compliance & legal
PhraseExample
comply withComply with GDPR retention limits.
adhere toAdhere to the security baseline.
subject toSubject to board approval.
pursuant toPursuant to clause 12…
failure toFailure to report may void cover.
liable toLiable to regulatory fines.
C — Extended collocations
PhraseExample
in compliance withStorage is in compliance with retention policy.
strictly prohibitedSharing credentials is strictly prohibited.
bound byVendors are bound by the data-processing agreement.
statutory requirementBreach notification is a statutory requirement.
meet the criteriaOnly vendors who meet the criteria may bid.
fall foul ofTeams may fall foul of policy if logs are deleted.
regulatory frameworkProcessing must fit the regulatory framework.
grant approvalLegal will grant approval after review.
breach of contractLate delivery may constitute a breach of contract.
due diligenceWe completed due diligence on the vendor.
obligated underWe are obligated under clause 14 to notify users.
mandatory trainingMandatory training must be completed before access.

This is the free sample from this unit. The full unit adds 1 more reading passage, comprehension questions with an answer key, the listening exercises, flashcards for the vocabulary above, and a speaking task — with your progress tracked so the next unit unlocks when you are ready for it.

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Common questions

What level is this unit?

Upper-intermediate — roughly CEFR B2. If you are not sure of your level, the course places you with a short diagnostic before you start rather than making you guess.

Do I need to pay to use this?

The reading passage and vocabulary on this page are free to read. The rest of the unit — the remaining passages, the exercises, the listening, the answer key and the progress tracking — is part of the paid General English course.

Is this British or American English?

British English spelling and vocabulary, which is what most learners in Azerbaijan are taught and what IELTS expects, though both are accepted in the exam.