Politics — Unit 10, Pre-intermediate to Intermediate English

Government, elections, policies, and political issues — vocabulary for talking about politics.

Pre-intermediate to Intermediate CEFR A2–B1 2 reading passages

Reading: My First Election Day

I turned eighteen this year, so I could finally **vote** in the local **election**. Before the day, I read about each party's plans because I did not want to choose without thinking. My father said a strong **government** needs citizens who ask questions, especially when a new **policy** affects jobs, schools, or transport. At first I felt confused, but the more I read, the clearer the differences became.

On election morning, I joined a line outside the community hall. People of different ages were talking politely about their choices, which made the process feel serious and hopeful. Later that night, the results showed that no single party had full control, so leaders in **parliament** had to work together. Although my preferred candidate did not win, I felt proud because participation matters in a **democracy**, and future decisions are better when more citizens take part. Next year I plan to read candidate debates earlier, so I can compare ideas more carefully before election week begins.

Two things surprised me, and neither was the result.

The first was how ordinary the **polling station** was. I had imagined something official. It was the same hall where I played badminton on Wednesdays, with three tables, a woman who checked my name on a list, and a cardboard screen. She handed me a **ballot** paper, I marked one box with a pencil on a string, and I folded it and posted it in a plastic box. The whole thing took under two minutes.

The second was the turnout. Only thirty-one per cent of **voters** in our area went to the polls. In the street where I live that means roughly two houses in three did not take part at all. My neighbour told me afterwards that he had not voted for eleven years because "they are all the same". I did not know what to say to him, and I still don't, but I noticed he complained about the bus timetable twice in the same conversation.

The winning **candidate** took the seat with fewer than four thousand votes. She has already announced a **reform** of parking charges and a plan to **increase** **investment** in the two primary schools. Whether she can do either depends on a **majority** she does not really have.

I have signed up to help with a **campaign** next spring — not for a party, but for a group that registers new voters at the college.

I think that is where I can actually be useful.

Vocabulary from this unit

Political systems
WordPronunciationMeaningExample
government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/the group that controls a countryThe government made a new law.
election/ɪˈlekʃən/a vote to choose a governmentThere's going to be an election next year.
vote/vəʊt/choose someone in an electionI vote in every election.
political party/pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑːti/a group with similar political ideasWhich political party do you support?
power/ˈpaʊə/control over a countryThe party is in power at the moment.
in power/ɪn ˈpaʊə/in control of a countryThey have been in power for five years.
leader/ˈliːdə/the person in charge of a partyThe leader of the party is very popular.
prime minister/praɪm ˈmɪnɪstə/the head of governmentThe Prime Minister gave a speech.
parliament/ˈpɑːləmənt/the group that makes lawsThe new law was passed in parliament.
member of parliament (MP)/ˈmembə əv ˈpɑːləmənt/an elected politicianShe is an MP for the city.
elected/ɪˈlektɪd/chosen by votingShe was elected to parliament.
majority/məˈdʒɒrəti/more than half of the votesThey won the election with a majority.
Government and policies
Word / PhrasePronunciationMeaningExample
policy/ˈpɒləsi/a plan of actionThe government has a new policy on education.
tax/tæks/money paid to the governmentWe pay tax on our income.
healthcare/ˈhelθkeə/medical care for the publicEveryone should have good healthcare.
education/ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃən/the system of teachingThe government should invest more in education.
public services/ˈpʌblɪk ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/services provided by the governmentThe public services include hospitals and schools.
reduce/rɪˈdjuːs/make less or smallerThe government wants to reduce taxes.
increase/ɪnˈkriːs/make larger or moreThey plan to increase spending on healthcare.
provide/prəˈvaɪd/give or supplyThe government provides money for schools.
support/səˈpɔːt/help and encourageThe government should support poor families.
investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/money put into somethingThere needs to be more investment in roads.
Voting and elections
Word / PhrasePronunciationMeaningExample
candidate/ˈkændɪdət/a person who wants to be electedThere are three candidates in my area.
campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/a series of events to get votesThe party is running a campaign to get more votes.
elect/ɪˈlekt/choose by votingThey elected a new leader.
voter/ˈvəʊtə/a person who votesVoters went to the polling station.
polling station/ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən/a place where people voteI went to the polling station to vote.
ballot/ˈbælət/a piece of paper for votingShe put her ballot in the box.
majority/məˈdʒɒrəti/more than half the votesShe won with a clear majority.
opposition/ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/parties not in powerThe opposition parties disagree with the government.

3 more vocabulary sections in the full unit.

This is the free sample from this unit. The full unit adds 1 more reading passage, comprehension questions with an answer key, the listening exercises, flashcards for the vocabulary above, and a speaking task — with your progress tracked so the next unit unlocks when you are ready for it.

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Common questions

What level is this unit?

Pre-intermediate to Intermediate — roughly CEFR A2–B1. If you are not sure of your level, the course places you with a short diagnostic before you start rather than making you guess.

Do I need to pay to use this?

The reading passage and vocabulary on this page are free to read. The rest of the unit — the remaining passages, the exercises, the listening, the answer key and the progress tracking — is part of the paid General English course.

Is this British or American English?

British English spelling and vocabulary, which is what most learners in Azerbaijan are taught and what IELTS expects, though both are accepted in the exam.