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Problem and Solution Volunteering Task 2

Rates of volunteering have fallen in many communities.

A full IELTS Writing Task 2 answer to this question, with a paragraph plan, ideas you can use, and the vocabulary that fits this topic.

The question

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Rates of volunteering have fallen in many communities.

Why do you think this is? How could more people be encouraged to volunteer?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

How to read this question

The most useful causal point is that volunteering was historically sustained by people who had discretionary time and a fixed local base — and both have gone. The second useful point is that organisations have made volunteering harder without noticing: checks, training and rotas turned a favour into an application process. That gives the second question a specific target rather than a general appeal for community spirit.

Paragraph plan

Introduction — Paraphrase, then signpost both answers: the decline follows from time pressure, mobility and increased administrative friction; the remedy is to lower the cost of taking part.

Body 1 — Why — dual-earner households and long commutes removed the discretionary hours, mobility weakened local attachment, and formalisation added barriers.

Body 2 — How to encourage it — micro-volunteering, employer-supported time, and removing the bureaucratic burden from small-scale help.

Conclusion — The willingness did not disappear; the available time and the ease of taking part did, and only one of those can be restored quickly.

Model essay

Band 8.5–9.0 model essay

333 words

In numerous communities, participation in voluntary work has been steadily declining. This is primarily attributable to time scarcity and diminished community ties, although I believe several measures could reverse this trend.

The principal reason for this decline is that modern working patterns leave individuals with little spare time. To clarify, as living costs continue to rise, many people are compelled to work longer hours or take on secondary jobs, leaving scarce time for unpaid community engagement. Furthermore, the weakening of local community bonds has also contributed to this trend. Given that people increasingly interact online rather than with physical neighbours, they feel less personal obligation toward the communities in which they reside, diminishing the sense of duty that traditionally motivated volunteering. This is compounded by high residential mobility, as people who frequently relocate for work rarely develop the lasting local attachments that once encouraged community involvement.

Nonetheless, several strategies could reinvigorate volunteering rates. First, organisations could introduce flexible, short-duration volunteering opportunities, such as single-afternoon commitments, thereby accommodating individuals with demanding schedules. This would considerably lower the barrier to entry compared with the traditional long-term commitments that many programmes currently require. Moreover, schools and employers could actively promote volunteering by incorporating it into curricula or offering employees paid volunteering days. For instance, when companies formally recognise staff contributions to charitable causes, employees are more inclined to participate, as their efforts receive tangible acknowledgement rather than remaining an unrewarded personal sacrifice. Local governments could further support this by publicising specific, high-impact opportunities through community centres and social media.

To conclude, although demanding schedules and weakened community ties largely explain the decline in volunteering, I am convinced that flexible opportunities and institutional encouragement from schools and employers could meaningfully reverse this trend.

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This is a problem and solution question. The essay above shows you what a strong answer looks like when it is finished. What it cannot show you is how to get there from a blank page in forty minutes.

That is what our Writing Study Library is for: the structure we teach for this exact question type, the paragraph pattern that goes with it, and the sentence openers for each stage — so the essay is planned before you start writing rather than assembled as you go.

See the structure for this question type →

Ideas & vocabulary for this topic

Ideas you can use

  • Introduction: Paraphrase that volunteering rates have fallen in many communities and state that specific measures could reverse the trend.
  • Body 1: Argue the fall is caused by people having less spare time due to longer working hours from rising living costs, plus weaker community ties from more online interaction and high residential mobility.
  • Body 2: Argue rates could rise through flexible, short-duration volunteering options and active promotion/formal recognition by schools and employers, illustrated by companies rewarding staff charitable contributions.
  • Conclusion: Summarise that time scarcity and weak community bonds explain the decline, while flexibility and institutional encouragement could reverse it.
Word or phraseMeaningUsed in a sentence
steadily decliningcontinuously decreasingparticipation in voluntary work has been steadily declining
scarceinsufficient for the demand; in short supplyleaving scarce time for unpaid community engagement
diminishingreducing or lesseningdiminishing the sense of duty that traditionally motivated volunteering
reinvigorateto give new energy or strength to somethingseveral strategies could reinvigorate volunteering rates
barrier to entryan obstacle that makes it difficult to start doing somethingconsiderably lower the barrier to entry compared with the traditional long-term commitments
tangible acknowledgementrecognition that is clear and real, not abstracttheir efforts receive tangible acknowledgement rather than remaining an unrewarded personal sacrifice
residential mobilitythe frequency with which people move homes or locationsThis is compounded by high residential mobility
publiciseto make something widely knownLocal governments could further support this by publicising specific, high-impact opportunities

Created by a Band 8.5–9.0 IELTS Writing achiever — Premium. Sign up free to see the ideas and vocabulary for this topic and unlock every model on the site.

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Common questions

How do I avoid blaming society for a decline?

Test the moral explanation before accepting it. If stated willingness has not fallen, then individualism is not the cause and you need a structural one — which is both more accurate and far more useful, because structures can be changed and character cannot.

Is it effective to identify a self-inflicted cause?

It is one of the strongest moves available. Pointing out that organisations made volunteering harder while trying to make it safer shows genuine analysis, and it hands you a remedy that nobody else in the room has proposed.

Should each solution match a specific cause?

Yes — on problem/solution questions that pairing is precisely what examiners check. Naming the barrier inside the solution sentence makes the link visible and prevents the second half drifting into unrelated suggestions.